XXII
Contents
CHAPTER
36
Biochemistry of Hemostasis
36.1
Primary Hemostasis
840
36.2
Secondary Hemostasis
841
Clot Dissolution—Fibrinolysis
841
Thrombosis: A Dark Side of Hemostatic
System Function
842
36.3
Functional Properties and Structures of the
Hemostatic System Factors (Proteins)
842
Proteinase Precursors
842
Proteinase Domain Structures
848
Amino Terminal Domain Structures and
Structural Motifs
848
Cofactor Proteins
848
Proteinase Inhibitors
849
Other Proteins of the Hemostatic System
850
Membrane Phospholipid Surfaces
851
36.4
Clotting
851
36.5
The Procoagulant Subsystem of
Coagulation
852
Activation Complexes
852
The Prothrombin Activation Complex
(Prothrombinase)
853
Activation of Prothrombin
853
36.6
The Extrinsic Pathway
854
Initiation of the Procoagulant Subsystem and
Activation of Factor VII
854
Activation of Factor X by Factor Vll(VIIa)
855
36.7
The Intrinsic Pathway
856
Activation of Factor X
856
Activation of Factor IX by Factor Vila and
Tissue Factor
856
Activation of Factor IX by Factor XIa
856
The Contact Phase of the
in Vitro
Intrinsic
Pathway of Coagulation
857
36.8
Anticoagulant Subsystem— Activation of
Protein C and Inactivation of Factors Va
and Villa
857
Anticoagulant Subsystem—Proteinase
Inhibitors
858
Mechanism of Action of Heparin as a Therapeutic
Anticoagulant
859
Inhibitors of the Contact Phase
Proteinases
859
36.9
Fibrinolytic Subsystem
859
Plasminogen Activation
859
Degradation of Fibrin (Fibrinolysis)
861
36.10 Vitamin K, Oral Anticoagulants, and Their
Mechanisms of Action
861
Action of Warfarin and Other Vitamin K
Antagonists
862
36.11 Coagulation Factor Measurements
863
Deficiencies
863
Laboratory Assessment of Coagulation System
Functions
864
Prothrombin Time
864
Thrombin Time
864
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
864
Specific Factor Assays
870
Assay of Heparin
870
36.12 Case Studies
870
Fibrinogen
870
Factor XIII
870
Activated Protein C Resistance
870
Antibiotic-Induced Vitamin K Deficiency
871
Hemophilia
871
Von Willebrand Disease
871
Laboratory-Created Artifacts
871
Supplemental Readings
and References
872
CHAPTER
37
Mineral Metabolism
37.1
Calcium and Phosphorus
873
Distribution and Function
873
Bone Structure, Formation, and Turnover
875
